Journal papers, co-authored by Visiana or Tübingen University
(these can also be found by this PubMed search)
[1] Thodberg HH, Kreiborg S, Juul A, Pedersen KD: The BoneXpert Method for Automated Determination of Skeletal Maturity, IEEE Trans Medical Imaging, Vol. 28 (1), pp 52-66 (2009), abstract. (A pdf for personal use can be obtained by sending an email to )
[2] van Rijn R, Lequin MH, Thodberg HH: Automatic Determination of Greulich and Pyle bone age in healthy Dutch children, Pediatric Radiology Vol. 39 (6) pp 591-7 (2009), pdf (open access), Figure 1 in good quality
[3] Martin DD, Deusch D, Schweizer R, Binder G, Thodberg HH, Ranke MB:
Clinical application of automatic Greulich-Pyle bone age in children with short stature, Pediatric Radiology Vol 39 (6) pp 598-607 (2009), abstract.
[4] Martin DD, Sato K, Sato M, Thodberg HH, Tanaka T: Validation of a new method for automated determination of bone age in Japanese children, Horm. Res. Paediatr. Vol. 73(5), pp 398-404, (2010) abstract
[5] Thodberg HH, van Rijn R, Tanaka T, Martin DD, Kreiborg S: A paediatric bone index derived by automated radiogrammetry, Osteoporosis International Vol. 21 (8), pp 1391-1400 (2009) (full text open access)
[6] Martin DD, Neuhof J, Jenni OG, Ranke MB, Thodberg HH: Automatic Determination of Left- and Right-Hand Bone Age in the First Zurich Longitudinal Study. Horm. Res. Paediatr. Vol. 74 (1) pp. 50-55 (2010) abstract
[7] Thodberg HH, Neuhof J, Ranke MB, Jenni OG, Martin DD: Validation of Bone Age Methods by Their Ability to Predict Adult Height. Horm. Res. Paediatr. Vol. 73 (6), pp 398-404 (2010) abstract
[8] Thodberg HH, Jenni OG, Ranke MB, Martin DD: Standardization of the Tanner-Whitehouse bone age method in the context of automated image analysis, Ann Hum Biol. Vol. 39(1) pp 68-75 (2012), abstract
[9] Thodberg HH, Sävendahl L: Validation and Reference Values of Automated Bone Age Determination for Four Ethnicities. Acad. Radiol. Vol. 17 (11), pp1425-32 (2010), abstract
[10] Thodberg HH: Clinical review: An automated method for determination of bone age, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. Vol. 94 (7), pp 2239-44, (2009), abstract (as well as full text pdf freely available)
[11] Thodberg HH, Jenni OG, Caflisch J, Ranke MB, Martin DD: Prediction of Adult Height Based on Automated Determination of Bone Age, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. Vol. 94 (12), pp 4868-74 (2009), abstract and full text pdf freely available here
[12] Martin DD, Heckmann C, Jenni OG, Ranke MB, Binder G, Thodberg HH: Metacarpal thickness, width, length and medullary diameter in children--reference curves from the First Zürich Longitudinal Study, Osteoporosis International Vol 22 (5), pp 1525-36 (2011), abstract
[13] Zhang SY, Liu G, Ma CG, Han YS, Shen XZ, Xu RL, Thodberg HH:
Automated Determination of Bone Age in a Modern Chinese Population. ISRN Radiology, Volume 2013 (2013) full paper freely available here.
[14] Martin DD, Meister K, Schweizer R, Ranke MB, Thodberg HH, Binder G: Validation of automatic bone age rating in children with precocious and early puberty, J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. Vol. 24 (11-12) pp 1009-14 (2011), abstract
[15] Unrath M, Thodberg HH, Schweizer R, Ranke MB, Binder G, Martin DD:
Automation of bone age reading and a new prediction method improve adult height prediction in children with short stature. Horm. Res. Paediatr. Vol. 78, pp 312-319 (2012) abstract
[16] van Rijn RR, Thodberg HH: Bone age assessment: automated techniques coming of age? Acta Radiol. Vol 54, p 1024-9 (2013) abstract
[17] Martin DD, Heil K, Heckmann C, Zierl A, Schaefer J, Ranke NB and Binder G: Validation of automatic bone age determination in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia, Pediatric Radiology, Vol. 43, p 1615-21 (2013). abstract
[19] Martin DD, Schittenhelm J, Thodberg HH: Validation of adult height prediction based on automated bone age determination in the Paris Longitudinal Study of healthy children. Pediatr Radiol. 46, pp 263-9 (2016) abstract
[21] Thodberg HH, Böttcher J, Lomholt J, Kreiborg S, Wolf G, Pfeil A: A new implementation of digital X-ray radiogrammetry and reference curves of four indices of cortical bone for healthy European adults. Archives of Osteoporosis., doi: 10.1007/s11657-016-0267-2. Epub Apr 26 (2016) abstract
[22] Halabi, Safwan S., Luciano M. Prevedello, Jayashree Kalpathy-Cramer, Artem B. Mamonov, Alexander Bilbily, Mark Cicero, Ian Pan et al. The RSNA pediatric bone age machine learning challenge." Radiology 290, no. 2 (2018): 498-503. Appendix with conditions, terms and winners
[23] Thodberg HH, van Rijn RR, Jenni OG, Martin DD. Automated determination of bone age from hand X-rays at the end of puberty and its applicability for age estimation. Int J Leg Med. 2016; abstract
[24] Thodberg HH, Thodberg B, Ahlkvist J, Offiah AC. Autonomous artificial intelligence in pediatric radiology: the use and perception of BoneXpert for bone age assessment. Pediatric Radiology (2022). Open Access
[25] Martin DD, Calder AD, Ranke MB, Binder G, Thodberg HH. Accuracy and self-validation of automated bone age determination. Scientific Reports 12, Article number 6388 (2022). Open Access Supplementary material as PDF
Journal papers, not co-authored by Visiana or Tübingen University
[a] Nüsken E, Imschinetzki D, Nüsken KD, Körber F, Mentzel HJ, Peitz J, Bald M, Büscher R, John U, Klaus G, Konrad M, Pape L, Tönshoff B, Martin D, Weber L, Dötsch J: Automated Greulich-Pyle bone age determination in children with chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol. 30, pp 1173-9 (2015) abstract
....plus six others issued 2018-2022, see this PubMed search
Book chapter
Thodberg HH, Juul A, Lomholt J, Martin DD, Jenni OG, Caflisch J, Ranke MB, Kreiborg S: Adult Height Prediction Models, in Handbook of Growth and Growth Monitoring in Health and Disease, Preedy R (ed.), Springer (2012) abstract, (the original manuscript as pdf, copyrighted material; permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the publisher)
Relevant conference abstracts
DD Martin, C Heckmann, MB Ranke, G Binder, HH Thodberg,Differentiation of GH effects on metacarpal bone in children with GHD, ICCBH5, Cambridge, UK. June 23-26, 2009 Bone, Volume 45, Page S60
Shao-Yan Zhang, Toshiaki Tanaka, David D Martin et al: Adult height prediction for han children based on automated bone age determination, ESPE 2012, Glasgow, Hormone Research in Pediatrics
HH Thodberg, SY Zhang: Reference curves for Bone Health Index for Han children from five large cities in China, and a comparison to Asian-American children, ICCBH 2013, Rotterdam, Bone Abstracts
HH Thodberg, D Martin, J Caflisch, O Jenni: Bone Health: Swiss Children have less in the bank than a generation ago, ICCBH 2013, Rotterdam, Bone Abstracts
DD Martin, J Pettifor, HH Thodberg: At last, an adult height prediction model for black children, ESPE/PES Joint conference 2013, Milan, Hormone Research in Pediatrics
HH Thodberg, M Bardsley, A Gosek, J Ross: How precisely can we measure increments of bone age and Bone Health Index with an automated method in boys with Klinefelter syndrome? ESPE-2014 Dublin, Hormone Research in Pediatrics, poster
DD Martin, S Mortensen, O Jenni, HH Thodberg: Making adult height prediction complete: Forecasting the age of the growth spurt and the height & velocity trajectories until adulthood, ESPE-2015 Barcelona, Hormone Research in Pediatrics, poster
HH Thodberg, P Thrane, DD Martin: Reference values of cortical thickness, bone width, and Bone Health Index in metacarpals of children from age 0 y, as determined with an extension of the fully automated BoneXpert bone age method, ICCBH 2019, Salzburg, poster
DD Martin, HH Thodberg, Validation of a new version of BoneXpert bone age in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), precocious puberty (PP), growth hormone deficiency (GHD), Turner syndrome (TS), and other short stature diagnoses, ESPE-2019, Vienna, abstract. All abstracts from ESPE-2019 are here.
Other publications on technology relevant to BoneXpert
[A] A. Rosholm, L. Hyldstrup, L. Baeksgaard, M. Grunkin, and H. H. Thodberg, Estimation of Bone Mineral Density by Digital X-ray Radiogrammetry: Theoretical Background and Clinical Testing, Osteoporosis International, vol. 12, no. 11, pp. 961-969, 2001 (abstract)
[B] H. H. Thodberg, Hands-on experience with active appearance models, Proceedings of SPIE (Medical Imaging 2002, Image Processing), vol. 4684, pp. 495-506, 2002 (pdf of full text)
[C] H. H. Thodberg and A. Rosholm, Application of the active shape model in a commercial medical device for bone densitometry, Image and Vision Computing, vol. 21, no. 13-14, pp. 1155-1161, 2003. (This appeared initially as a contribution to the British Machine Vision Conference 2001 (where it won an award), and the full text of this version is available as pdf)
[D] H. H. Thodberg, Minimum Description Length shape and appearance models, Proceedings of Information Processing in Medical Imaging, vol. 18, pp. 51-62, 2003.(abstract at Springer, pdf of full text)
[E] H. H. Thodberg and H. Olafsdottir, Adding curvature to minimum description length shape models, Proceedings of British Machine Vision Conference, vol. 2, pp. 251-260, 2003 (pdf) (You can download the Matlab code of the method presented in this, and the preceding paper in this zip file)